Here are MCQs on Cloze Test prepared especially to help the students who are willing to crack CLAT UG.
“Flexibility comes from having multiple choices; wisdom comes from having multiple perspectives.”…………….Robert Dilts
CLAT UG: MCQs on Cloze Test
Direction
For the following questions, you have several passages where some of the words have been left out. Read the passages carefully and choose the correct answer to each blank out of the four alternatives
Passage-I
Childhood is a time when there are ___(1)___ responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child ___(2)___ good parents, he is fed, looked ___(3)___ and loved, whatever he may do. It is improbable that he will ever again in his life ___(4)___ given so much without having to do anything ___(5)___ return. In addition, life is always ___(6)___ new things to the child. A child finds ___(7)___ in playing in the rain or in the snow. His first visit ___(8)___ the seaside is a marvellous adventure. But a child has his pains; he is not so free to do as he wishes; he is continually being ___(9)___ not to do things or is being ___(10)___. His life is therefore not perfectly happy.
Question: 1
(1).
a) many
b) little
c) few
d) more
Answer: (c)
Question: 2
(2).
a) had
b) have
c) has
d) will have
Answer: (c)
Question : 3
(3).
a) up
b) at
c) after
d) around
Answer: (c)
Question: 4
(4).
a) is
b) has
c) are
d) be
Answer: (d)
Question: 5
(5).
a) for
b) in
c) as
d) of
Answer: (b)
Question: 6
(6).
a) donating
b) displaying
c) granting
d) presenting
Answer: (d)
Question: 7
(7).
a) pain
b) progress
c) pressure
d) pleasure
Answer: (d)
Question: 8
(8).
a) on
b) to
c) in
d) for
Answer: (b)
Question: 9
(9).
a) ordered
b) told
c) forbidden
d) restricted
Answer: (b)
Question: 10
(10).
a) beaten
b) penalized
c) disturbed
d) punished
Answer: (d)
Passage-II
It was a sudden decision. Three of us, all ___(1)___ in the hostel, decided to travel by train to ___(2)___ and witness the Republic Day Parade. The station was heavily ___(3)___ and there was a long queue before the ticket counter. ___(4)___ pretended sickness and persuaded the man nearest to the ___(5)___ to buy three more tickets – one for him and ___(6)___ for his sisters. No problem, therefore, in buying tickets. ___(7)___ train was already at the platform and there was ___(8)___ mad rush among the passengers to get on the coaches. Hari would not be worried by ___(9)___. He asked ___(10)___ to jump over the bumper between two coaches to get onto the other side.
Question: 11
(1).
a) roommates
b) strangers
c) classmates
d) friends
Answer: (a)
Question: 12
(2).
a) Calcutta
b) Hyderabad
c) Chennai
d) Delhi
Answer: (d)
Question: 13
(3).
a) guarded
b) thronged
c) crowded
d) filled
Answer: (c)
Question: 14
(4).
a) She
b) Hari
c) They
d) You
Answer: (b)
Question: 15
(5).
a) door
b) window
c) counter
d) enhance
Answer: (c)
Question: 16
(6).
a) three
b) four
c) one
d) two
Answer: (d)
Question: 17
(7).
a) The
b) A
c) An
d) No
Answer: (a)
Question: 18
(8).
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) not
Answer: (a)
Question: 19
(9).
a) things
b) everything
c) anything
d) something
Answer: (c)
Question: 20
(10).
a) them
b) us
c) we
d) they
Answer: (b)
Direction
In each of the following passages, there are blanks, each of which has been indicated as A, B to E. Choose the correct word from the given options which fits the blank appropriately.
Passage – III
When both myths and countermyths occur in the narrative field of a society, people can ___(A)___ the oppositions between them in unique ways. The psychological relevance of stories in the cases of myths and horror films may be in the experiencing of the ___(B)___ binary tensions, rather than in the manifest ___(C)___ of the story. The tensions in the story is, however, ___(D)___ through the binary contrasts. The message conveyed is a ___(E)___ complex.
Question: 21
A.
a) internalize
b) externalize
c) concretize
d) secularize
Answer: (a)
Question: 22
B.
a) overlying
b) destructive
c) comforting
d) underlying
Answer: (d)
Question: 23
C.
a) relay
b) education
c) content
d) morality
Answer: (c)
Question: 24
D.
a) dissolved
b) dissipated
c) opposed
d) maintained
Answer: (d)
Question: 25
E.
a) holistic
b) constructive
c) difficult
d) prolific
Answer: (a)
Passage – IV
In a very short period of time, the internet has had a ___(A)___ impact on the way we live. Since the internet was made ___(B)___, it has lowered the ___(C)___ to creative expression. It has provided ___(D)___ to information on a larger scale. It has ___(E)___ innovation without ___(F)___ changes to its ___(G)___. An open, borderless and ___(H)___ platform means that barriers to entry are low, ___(I)___ is ___(J)___ and innovation is rapid.
Question: 26
A.
a) profound
b) intricate
c) pernicious
d) harmful
Answer: (a)
Question: 27
B.
a) radical
b) unavoidable
c) operational
d) provisional
Answer: (c)
Question: 28
C.
a) encroachment
b) barriers
c) discrimination
d) tendency
Answer: (b)
Question: 29
D.
a) assess
b) assets
c) access
d) right
Answer: (c)
Question: 30
E.
a) assimilated
b) accumulated
c) obliterated
d) accommodated
Answer: (d)
Question: 31
F.
a) insignificant
b) massive
c) peculiar
d) eventual
Answer: (b)
Question: 32
G.
a) Infrastructure
b) technique
c) originality
d) method
Answer: (a)
Question: 3
H.
a) mobilized
b) modernized
c) standardized
d) civilized
Answer: (c)
Question: 34
I.
a) interoperability
b) intricacy
c) levity
d) variability
Answer: (a)
Question: 35
J.
a) reassured
b) pressured
c) assured
d) uncertain
Answer: (c)
Passage – V
Man in his ____(1)____ of nature and universe has made the world ____(2)____, polluted. The air we breathe is polluted, the water we drink is ____(3)____. There is ____(4)____ felling of trees, clearing of jungles, ____(5)____ natural barriers like the mountains and drying up the oceans by way of ____(6)____. This ____(7)____ of nature by man is a grave mistake for which mankind has to pay the price. Rapid industrialisation means ____(8)____ the industrial effluents into the rivers and seas. The river water has turned murky. Marine life has been ____(9)____. The toxic chemicals have made the air that we breathe polluted. Pesticides and insecticides sprayed on plants and the chemicals and fertilizers used for ____(10)____ plant yield have poisoned our food. Hence what we eat today has high toxic ____(11)____. Nature’s plentifulness is a heritage not to be ____(12)____ with impunity. It must be conserved for future generations or its ____(13)____ will extinguish all.
Question: 36
1.
a) pursuit
b) view
c) conquest
d) victim
e) want
Answer: (c)
Question: 37
2.
a) foul
b) diluted
c) poor
d) precarious
e) critical
Answer: (a)
Question: 38
3.
a) disturbed
b) pure
c) counterproductive
d) suffocated
e) contaminated
Answer: (e)
Question: 39
4.
a) dubious
b) wanton
c) careful
d) planned
e) useless
Answer: (b)
Question: 40
5.
a) attacking
b) projecting
c) cutting
d) blasting
e) sizing
Answer: (c)
Question: 41
6.
a) reclamation
b) inhabitation
c) stabilization
d) destruction
e) damage
Answer: (a)
Question: 42
7.
a) provocation
b) adventure
c) vandalism
d) abundance
e) evasion
Answer: (c)
Question: 43
8.
a) relocating
b) divulging
c) menacing
d) culminating
e) diverting
Answer: (e)
Question: 49
9.
a) evaporated
b) endangered
c) devalued
d) eliminated
e) forfeiting
Answer: (b)
Question: 50
10.
a) managing
b) developing
c) maintaining
d) doubling
e) minimizing
Answer: (b)
Question: 51
11.
a) damage
b) variable
c) content
d) yield
e) refuge
Answer: (c)
Question: 52
12.
a) squandered
b) preserved
c) doubled
d) engulfed
e) coerced
Answer: (a)
Question: 53
13.
a) equilibrium
b) existence
c) failure
d) proportion
e) bankruptcy
Answer: (e)
Passage – VI
The latest stage of the continuing ____(1)____ between India and the United States on the nuclear issue is now punctuated with pleasing diplomatic observations. Our latest round of talks with the American Deputy Secretary of State is “positive and encouraging”. The US Deputy Secretary of State remarked that “none of us is pleased to have any clouds over the ____(2)____”. We in India know that these clouds have ____(3)____ towards the subcontinent from the West. The US can easily disperse the clouds if it wants. But the economic sanctions are still in place. The US is only ____(4)____ trying to come to terms with the fact that the nuclear weapons are not the ____(5)____ of the Permanent Members of the Security Council. If they do not recognize India as a nuclear power, then what is it that they are ____(6)____ to? India will not ____(7)____ by their de-recognizing the nuclear tests. Both sides can happily close ____(8)____ eyes and agree to ____(9)____ what has happened. The fact that India is a sovereign nation, entitled to take decisions beneficial for its own security, has not been altered by the tests. The US has come round to ____(10)____ that India has some say in this matter.
Question: 54
1.
a) adversaries
b) negotiations
c) strifes
d) strategies
e) disputes
Answer: (b)
Question: 55
2.
a) relationship
b) struggle
c) matter
d) talks
e) countries
Answer: (a)
Question: 56
3.
a) formed
b) eclipsed
c) reined
d) covered
e) floated
Answer: (e)
Question: 57
4.
a) spontaneously
b) generously
c) grudgingly
d) gracefully
e) willingly
Answer: (c)
Question: 58
5.
a) threats
b) creations
c) properties
d) monopoly
e) possessions
Answer: (d)
Question: 59
6.
a) prepared
b) objecting
c) pointing
d) clinging
e) planning
Answer: (c)
Questions: 60
7.
a) gain
b) differ
c) flourish
d) suffer
e) develop
Answer: (d)
Question: 61
8.
a) their
b) our
c) naked
d) inward
e) both
Answer: (a)
Question: 62
9.
a) imitate
b) undo
c) cherish
d) reiterate
e) ignore
Answer: (e)
Question: 63
10.
a) expecting
b) suspecting
c) accepting
d) advocating
e) rejecting
Answer: (c)
Passage – VII
Actually every day we are engaged in this business of ‘reading’ people. We do it ____(1)____. We want to figure others out. So we ____(2)____ make guesses about what others think, value, want and feel and we do so based on our ____(3)____ beliefs and understandings about human nature. We do so because if we can figure out ____(4)____ and intentions of others the possibility of them ____(5)____ or hurting us ____(6)____ and this will help us to ____(7)____ a lot of unnecessary pain and trouble. We also make second guesses about what they will do in future, how they will ____(8)____ if we make this or that response. We do all this second-guessing based upon our ____(9)____ of what we believe about the person’s inner nature ____(10)____ his or her roles and manners. We mind-read their ____(11)____ motives. Also, every day we misguess and misread. Why? Because of the complexity, ____(12)____, and multidimensional functioning of people. After all, how well do you ‘read’ your own thoughts, aims, values, motives, beliefs, etc? How well do you know your own structuring process — your own thinking and ____(13)____ styles?
Question: 64
1.
a) vehemently
b) practically
c) actually
d) incessantly
e) virtually
Answer: (d)
Question: 65
2.
a) ably
b) constantly
c) partly
d) largely
e) positively
Answer: (b)
Question: 66
3.
a) futuristic
b) proactive
c) reactive
d) decorative
e) assumptive
Answer: (e)
Questions: 67
4.
a) manifestations
b) expressions
c) motives
d) hopes
e) prospects
Answer: (c)
Question: 68
5.
a) tricking
b) blaming
c) furthering
d) alarming
e) criticizing
Answer: (a)
Question: 69
6.
a) lessens
b) happens
c) questions
d) deepens
e) laments
Answer: (a)
Question: 70
7.
a) approach
b) direct
c) avoid
d) implement
e) prepare
Answer: (c)
Question: 71
8.
a) solve
b) apply
c) plan
d) approach
e) respond
Answer: (e)
Question: 72
9.
a) projection
b) exhibition
c) situation
d) prediction
e) attribution
Answer: (a)
Question: 73
10.
a) organizing
b) underneath
c) appreciating
d) proposing
e) outside
Answer: (b)
Question: 74
11.
a) cunning
b) visible
c) deeper
d) obvious
e) proposed
Answer: (c)
Question: 75
12.
a) abnormality
b) angularity
c) focus
d) layeredness
e) contribution
Answer: (d)
Question: 76
13.
a) proposing
b) developing
c) upbringing
d) lamenting
e) emotive
Answer: (e)
Important Links
Law Library: Notes and Study Material for LLB, LLM, Judiciary, and Entrance Exams
The article ‘Important Judgments on Article 21 of Indian Constitution’ by Snehil Sharma intends to explore the judgments related to Article 21 and in what manner the Court has played a crucial role in expanding the horizons of the same.
Every person has the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21. Both the phrases “life” and “personal liberty” have been given fairly broad definitions that encompass a wide range of rights. Its deprivation is only feasible through using a legal procedure that has been established within the Indian legal framework. According to the Supreme Court of India, it includes those liberties and privileges that have long been acknowledged as necessary for the lawful pursuit of enjoyment by free men.
The Hon’ble Supreme Court has given the term “life,” which has a wide breadth, a broad interpretation in various instances and the fundamental right to life and personal liberty, which are enumerated under the following subheadings and have grown into an inexhaustible source of many more rights through the following judgments:
1) A.K Gopalan v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 27, (Arbitrary Laws and Personal Liberty)
This case is considered the starting point for the interpretation of Article 21. The Supreme Court’s restrictive reading of Article 21, in this case, had some grave consequences. According to the Court, Article 21 only applies to arbitrary executive action and not to arbitrary legislative actions. Article 21 uses the phrase “procedure established by law,” which is distinct from the phrase “due process of law” used in the United States. Therefore, the validity of legislation establishing a procedure cannot be contested because it is irrational or unfair.
2) Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597, (Arbitrary Laws and Personal Liberty)
By applying a wider interpretation of Article 21 in this case, the SC overturned its previous decision in the AK Gopalan Case. It was decided that a person’s right to life and personal liberty can be taken away by law as long as the process set forth by that law is reasonable, fair, and just. It also made it clear that the right to life does not just refer to animal existence. It was held that this would include all elements of life that contribute to a man’s life being meaningful, complete, and worthy of living.
3) Francis Coralie v. Union Territory of Delhi, 1981 AIR 746, (Right to live with Human Dignity)
This case is a landmark decision to determine the distinction between preventive detention and punitive detention under the purview of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and to determine whether it is constitutional to restrict the petitioner’s right to an interview with their lawyer and contact with their family. The Hon’ble Court further stated that the interview need not be conducted in the presence of a designated Customs, Central Excise, or Enforcement officer; however, if the presence of such an officer can be conveniently secured at the time of the interview without requiring any interview postponement, then such an officer; and if his presence cannot be so secured, then any other Jail official may, if thought necessary, watch the interview but not so as to be within hearing distance of the interviewee.
4) Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, (1978) 4 SCC 409, (Right of Arrested Person)
This case has had a big impact on our legal system and helped to protect inmates’ basic rights. The petitioner was a death row inmate, which was unique at the time, among other peculiar aspects of the case. Numerous issues were brought up, including disputes over certain fundamental rights and the 1874 Prison Act. Additionally, it exposed the horrific treatment of inmates, many of whom were subjected to sexual abuse and torture. It made a significant contribution to drawing attention to the unpleasant treatment of prisoners by prison guards. The Supreme Court ruled that fatal handcuffs used on those who had been convicted were unconstitutional because they implied cruel treatment of the prisoner. The court reaffirmed Article 21’s provision about “protection to the convicted and the accused individual.”
5) Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation, 1986 AIR 180, (Pavement Dwellers are different from trespassers)
In this case, the Bombay Municipal Corporation and the state of Maharashtra agreed in 1981 to evict squatters and pavement dwellers from Bombay. The Court held that section 21 prescribing the Right to Life is extensive and comprehensive. It doesn’t just indicate that life can only be extinguished or removed in accordance with the procedure established by law. The right to life encompasses more than just this. Since no one can survive without means of sustenance, the right to livelihood is a crucial component of this right.
6) Suchita Srivastava v. Chandigarh Administration, 9 SCC 1 (2009), (Right to Make Reproductive Choices)
The Petitioner in the present case had requested the Court to allow a mentally retarded rape victim to continue her pregnancy as she was willing to do the same. The Supreme Court made it clear that women’s liberty to choose their reproductive methods is a component of “personal liberty” as defined by Article 21.
7) R. Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu, 1994 SCC (6) 632, (Right to Safeguard Privacy of Family Members)
The suit was filed to prevent an autobiography publication of a prisoner named Shankar, who had received the death penalty. The state forbade the book from being released because it believed it contained several instances or assertions that could damage the state’s reputation. The right to privacy was addressed in this case, and the Hon’ble Supreme Court determined that it is a basic right implied by Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. As a result, everyone has the right to try to protect their and their family’s privacy. They also have the right to be left alone.
8) Budhadev Karmaskar v. State of West Bengal, Criminal Appeal No. 135 of 2010, (Right to Life of Sex Workers)
This case cleared the way for the protection of sex workers’ rights with this landmark judgment. This case highlighted the precarious situation of sex workers as well as the stigma they face in society. This decision supports the sex workers’ constitutionally guaranteed right to a dignified existence as outlined in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The Supreme Court was also moved by this case to develop recommendations to address the problem of sex workers in order to prevent future incidents of this kind. Additionally, it sensitized the general community that sex workers aren’t just commodities and shouldn’t be denigrated solely for their line of work.
9) Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka, 1992 SC AIR 1858, (Right to Education)
In this case, a resident of the state of Uttar Pradesh objected to a notification made by the government of Karnataka that allowed private medical colleges to charge more money to students who weren’t given “government seats.” The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India held it, private educational institutions’ collection of a “capitation fee” violates both the right to equal protection under the law and the implicit right to an education that derives from the right to life and human dignity. The Court construed a right to education as a fundamental prerequisite for the fulfilment of the right to life under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution in the absence of an express constitutional right.
10) Rudul Shah v. State of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 141, (Right to Compensation)
A new precedent with regard to compensation was laid down through the case of Rudul Shah v. State of Bihar, where the Petitioner was imprisoned for 14 years even after being found not guilty. Only when a writ of habeas corpus was issued in his favour was he allowed to leave. The Supreme Court ruled that the petitioner is entitled to an award of INR 35,000 as compensation against the State of Bihar under Article 21 because he was confined in jail for a protracted 14 years after being found not guilty.
11) D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (Right against Illegal Detention)
The Supreme Court established the rules to be followed by the Central and State investigating authorities in all instances of arrest and detention in the case of D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal. The Petitioner wrote a letter to the Chief Justice a letter in which he drew his attention to some news stories about deaths in police cells and detention that had been published in the Telegraph and the Indian Express. The Court recognized this letter as a Writ Petition. The Court not only issued the guidelines but also went so far as to direct that any failure on the part of the officials to follow them would result in departmental sanctions as well as contempt of Court.
12) Satwant Singh v. APO Delhi, S.L.P. (CRL.) 3408 of 2007, (Right to Go Abroad)
This case is regarded as one of India’s landmark cases since it resulted in the abolition of the country’s antiquated passport-issuing system, the development of the idea of the “right to travel abroad,” and the inclusion of the passport’s significance in the enforcement of this right. The Supreme Court, in this case held that the Right to travel abroad is contained within the purview of “personal liberty” within the meaning of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
13) Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar, 1979 AIR 1369, (Right to Speedy Trial & Free Legal Aid)
This case expanded the application of article 21 by highlighting the significance of speedy justice as a necessary component of a fair trial. This case also highlighted the value of providing free legal assistance to the less fortunate members of society in order to uphold their constitutional right to legal representation in court as guaranteed by Article 39A. Of the 17 detainees awaiting trial, Hussainara Khatoon was one of the 6 women who endured protracted detention. As per the judgement in Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar, an accused person has a constitutional right to free legal representation at the state’s expense if they are unable to pay for it due to poverty, indigence, or being held incommunicado. This right is guaranteed by Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
14) Essar Oil Ltd. v. Halar Utkarsh Samiti, [2004] 2 SCC 392, (Right to be Informed)
In this case, the Supreme Court established a relationship between the right to know and article 21 in particular situations where governmental choices can have an impact on people’s lives and livelihoods. Reliance Petrochemicals Ltd. vs. Proprietors of Indian Express Newspapers, a case in which the Supreme Court declared that government proposals must be communicated to the citizens who are considered responsible for environmental protection, reaffirmed the Essar Oil Ltd. case.
15) K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1, (Right to Privacy)
A nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India held unanimously that the Right to Privacy is a constitutionally protected right in India and is ancillary to other liberties provided by the Indian Constitution under Article 21. The government’s proposed plan for a common biometrics-based identity card, which would be required for access to government services and benefits, was contested in the case, which retired High Court Judge Justice Puttaswamy filed. The government argued that the Constitution did not expressly protect the right to privacy.
This is a landmark case that is likely to prompt constitutional challenges to a wide range of Indian laws, including those that criminalize same-sex relationships and forbid the use of beef and alcohol in several Indian States. Observers anticipate that the Indian government would set up a data protection system to safeguard people’s privacy. The case is also likely to have wider implications because privacy experts are using it to advance the constitutional discussion of privacy in other nations.
The Right to life and personal liberty is one of the most fundamental and sacred human rights. Although it is not an exhaustive right, it encompasses a number of other fundamental rights. Previously, these rights were strictly interpreted and limited to the confines of the walls. The welfare laws are woven into an infinite thread by Article 21 and the Courts have played a significant part in coordinating the welfare state’s efforts, and its scope and interpretation have been repeatedly defined and revised to give it the broadest possible amplitude.
References
[1] Kavita Sinha, Expanding Horizon of Article 21 Vis-a-Vis Judicial Activism, Available Here
[2] Mr A.H. Hawaldar, Evolution of Due Process In India, Available Here
[3] Shivangi Sinha, Top 13 Judgements on Article 21: “Right to Life and Personal Liberty”, Available Here
[4] Vinita, Fundamental Rights: Article 21 and its Important Judgments, Available Here
Important Links
Law Library: Notes and Study Material for LLB, LLM, Judiciary, and Entrance Exams
